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This is a computer simulation result of Evolutionary Swarm Chemistry [1] where particles behave based on simple kinetic rules and exchange their rules according to a "majority" competition function (i.e., when two particles collide, the one surrounded by more of the same type becomes the source, and the other the destination, of rule transmission). More information can be found at the Swarm Chemistry website [2]. Long-term evolution seen in this simulation is made possible by high mutation rates and occasional environmental perturbations [3]. A minor revision was made to the collision detection rule so that swarms tend to maintain macroscopic structures [4]. [1] Hiroki Sayama, Swarm Chemistry evolving, Artificial Life XII: Proceedings of the Twelfth International Conference on the Synthesis and Simulation of Living Systems, H. Fellermann, M. Dörr, M. M. Hanczyc, L. L. Laursen, S. Maurer, D. Merkle, P.-A. Monnard, K. Stoy and S. Rasmussen, eds., Odense, Denmark, 2010, MIT Press, pp.32-33. http://mitpress.mit.edu/books/chapters/0262290758chap8.pdf [2] Swarm Chemistry homepage. http://bingweb.binghamton.edu/~sayama/SwarmChemistry/ [3] Hiroki Sayama, Seeking open-ended evolution in Swarm Chemistry, Proceedings of the Third IEEE Symposium on Artificial Life (IEEE ALIFE 2011), Paris, France, 2011, IEEE, pp.186-193. [4] Hiroki Sayama and Chun Wong, Quantifying evolutionary dynamics of Swarm Chemistry, Proceedings of the Eleventh European Conference on Artificial Life (ECAL '11), Paris, France, 2011, in press.
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